{"id":7921,"date":"2025-06-26T08:06:45","date_gmt":"2025-06-26T08:06:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/virs-vb.com\/?page_id=7921"},"modified":"2026-01-22T09:10:13","modified_gmt":"2026-01-22T08:10:13","slug":"pcelarstvo","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/virs-vb.com\/en\/pcelarstvo\/","title":{"rendered":"Beekeeping"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Beekeeping<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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55. VETERINARY CONVERSATION IN APIMONDIA. PROPOSAL OF THIS WORKING GROUP<\/p>

The public institution Veterinary Institute of the Republika Srpska \"Dr Vaso Butozan\" Banja Luka supported Aimondia as a member, an individual.
Apimondia www.apimondia.ogr is an international organization founded in 1895. It brings together a wide range of scientists from all over the world, from beekeeping to apitherapy, pollination, development and economics. It provides a place and platform where beekeepers, scientists, traders, development agencies, engineers and policymakers can meet to listen, discuss and learn from each other.<\/p>

54. INFORMATION ON THE SPREAD OF THE TROPYLAELAPS INFESTANT: the need to establish a timely
surveillance system for emerging invasive species.<\/p>

The JU Reference Laboratory for Bee Health plays a significant role in protecting bee populations and supporting sustainable beekeeping. The recent annual workshop, held in Sophia Antipolis, France, highlighted the importance of global cooperation in the field of bee health. On this occasion, new data on the spread of Tropilaelaps mites were presented, with a focus on laboratory tests that support the identification of these parasites. Technological advances in diagnostics were highlighted as crucial for effective control and prevention of invasion for species whose biological characteristics have yet to be studied. With this in mind and conveying the information from the workshop, we hereby draw attention to the need to report on the presumed risk of Tropilaelaps sp. in bee communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
You can read all the details at the link and watch the following video.<\/p>

DOI:10.13140\/\u0420\u0413.2.2.18409.47201
Violeta Santrac 24.11. 2023<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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53. NEWS FROM THE HONEY BEE VIROSPHERE NEWSLETTER<\/p>

\u201cApis mellifera Solinvivirus-1,<\/strong><\/p>

\"A new honeybee virus that went undetected for over a decade is now widespread in the U.S.\" Science takes time, technological sophistication, interest in change, funding, and thoughtful implementers. In searching for the reasons for the massive, multi-year losses of honeybee colonies in the U.S., (https:\/\/research.beeinformed.org\/<\/a>) a group of scientists published a paper that may stimulate further research and, within the framework of multicausality in the pathologies of the weakening and disappearance of bee communities, point to a NEW pathogen that at this point may hypothetically be the cause and not just a \u201ccoincidental\u201d new honey bee virus. The virus, abbreviated as AmSV1, has been identified in apiaries with high rates of unexplained losses of bee communities and hypothetically poses a serious threat to beekeeping throughout the United States. AmSV1 is an RNA virus with a positive-strand RNA of 10.6 kb in length that shows similarity to viruses from the Solinviviridae family. Proven by metagenomic analyses in a large number of samples.<\/p>

Significance and need for action: The AmSV1 virus represents a new and, as yet, uncertainly serious challenge to the survival of bee communities, sustainable beekeeping, food resources, and biodiversity.
AmSV1 virus is a scientifically evaluated potential threat to honeybees and beekeeping in the United States. Managing this problem for other countries reporting unexplained bee colony losses requires collaboration between the scientific community, beekeepers, policymakers, and national governments through international collaboration and continued virological research in other countries, which is key to addressing global challenges and advancing science and technology.<\/p>

The full paper can be found at the link: DOI: 10.3390\/v15071597
Scientific Communication, 26.7.2023, Dr. Violeta Santrac<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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52. HOW TO HELP BEEKEEPERS IN CONTROLLING VARROA?<\/strong><\/p>

Educational pamphlet<\/strong><\/p>

There are several ways to provide beekeepers with concise, clear information and guidance on specific topics, such as varroa disease. We have prepared an educational pamphlet, the VARROOSA brochure, for this very purpose, which should be useful to them.<\/p>

\"\"<\/p>

*We are proud to present an educational pamphlet translated and adapted into Serbian, which aims to provide beekeepers with verified information and improve their practices in protecting the bee community from the most important pest - the parasitic mite, Varroa destructor<\/em><\/strong>. \u041a\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0431\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043e \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0443\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u0430\u0436\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0435 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0435, Friedrich<\/em>\u2013<\/em>Loeffler<\/em>\u2013<\/em>Institut<\/em> i French<\/em> Agency<\/em> for<\/em> Food<\/em>, <\/em>Environmental<\/em> and<\/em> Occupational<\/em> Health<\/em> & <\/em>Safety<\/em> (ANSES) which is also the European Union reference laboratory for Bee Health. With the hope that beekeepers and veterinarians, who already possess significant knowledge on Varroa control, will adopt new practices and improve existing methods, we would like to express our sincere gratitude to everyone who will help in the distribution and communication of the pamphlet. We are sure that it will be useful for beekeepers in all parts of our country.<\/p>

PDF pamphlet format<\/u><\/em> you can find here <\/strong><\/a>as well as at the reference laboratory link: https:\/\/sitesv2.anses.fr\/en\/minisite\/abeilles\/leaflet-varroosis-beekeepers<\/a><\/p>

Violeta Santrac 04.04. 2023<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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51. HOW TO VACCINATE A HONEY BEE? <\/strong><\/p>

In order to contribute to timely information for veterinarians and beekeepers, we bring this text published on the pages of a widely read international news portal. The text aims at scientific communication new technologies<\/strong> in beekeeping practice, which is considered very revolutionary among beekeepers and whose application is in the experimental research phase in the USA.<\/p>

\u0414\u0430 \u043b\u0438 \u045b\u0435 the first vaccine for bees<\/strong> pass all the necessary requirements and demonstrate efficacy, safety and applicability remains to be seen in the future. It should be said that for now this vaccine has not been registered in Europe. Also, the text is intended to inform beekeepers who, in the conditions of their beekeeping practice, have tried to control this infectious disease in a way that is not sustainable in the long term and ultimately gives many other unwanted effects. For them, this vaccine is very important. It is no coincidence that the idea of \u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bvaccinating insects originated from a laboratory in Finland, as a very significant discovery in the field of insect immunology, and its commercialization was achieved in the USA. So, below you can read the translation of the published text:<\/p>

\"\"<\/a><\/p>

SIX QUESTIONS AND SIX ANSWERS ABOUT A NEW TOOL FOR POLLINATOR PROTECTION<\/strong><\/p>

Bees, which pollinate one-third of crops in America, face many problems, including infectious diseases. On January 4, 2023, a Georgia-based biotechnology company called Dalan Animal Health<\/a>\u00a0<\/em> got conditional license<\/strong> from the US Department of Agriculture, USDA, for a vaccine that should protect honey bees from American foulbrood, a highly destructive bacterial infection.<\/p>

In order to get conditional license <\/u><\/strong>(<\/u>which usually lasts one year and is subject to further evaluation by the USDA), veterinary biologists produce<\/strong> They must be clean, safe and efficient. Dr Jenny Durant, an agricultural researcher at the University of California, Davis, specialising in bee health, explains in an excerpt taken and adapted from (https:\/\/theconversation.com\/how-do-you-vaccinate<\/a>) why this vaccine is an important step in the efforts to protect pollinators.<\/p>

  1. What threat does this vaccine address?<\/li><\/ol>

    New vaccine for bees Paenibacillus larvae bacterin<\/em><\/strong>, aims to protect bees from American foulbrood. This highly destructive bacterial disease gets its name from the unpleasant smell of the dead bee larvae that develops in the brood of infected colonies (from our experience<\/em><\/strong>in <\/em><\/strong>BiH <\/em><\/strong>Not a sign of rot, remark V<\/em><\/strong>.<\/em><\/strong>S<\/em><\/strong>.<\/em><\/strong>).<\/p>

    The American foulbrood epidemic is, in fact, a death sentence for the bee colony, and the disease can economically destroy the apiary. Bacterial spores Paenibacillus larvae<\/em><\/strong>They are highly transmissible and can remain virulent for decades after infection.<\/p>

    When a disease outbreak occurs, beekeepers usually have to destroy all the bee colonies for which They know they are infected.<\/em><\/strong> to prevent the spread of the disease. They must also destroy all parts of the hive equipment in which the pathogen was present and all other beekeeping equipment that was exposed to its presence and cannot be sterilised.<\/p>

    Beekeepers in the USA have been using it preventively for decades. antibiotics<\/strong> in order to control the disease and \u201ctreat\u201d the infected communities, this required frequent applications of powdered sugar and antibiotics, so that the mixture would be sprinkled inside the hive. As is often the case when antibiotics They are using it excessively.<\/strong>Scientists and beekeepers are encountering bacterial resistance to applied antibiotics and negative impacts on community health, such as disruption of the microbiome. useful microbes<\/em> which live in the intestines of bees.<\/p>

    Only in 2017, American Food and Drug Administration<\/strong> It began to require a veterinary prescription for antibiotics in cases where they are used to treat bees. Although this regulatory change was intended to prevent antibiotic resistance, it limited beekeepers' access to antibiotics. they act preventively in<\/em> apiaries. Ideally, a vaccine would provide a more sustainable solution.<\/p>

    1. How effective is the vaccine in preventing infection?<\/li><\/ol>

      Studies are still analyzing the effectiveness. One published study showed an increase in resistance to American foulbrood of 30% to 50%. in the offspring of a vaccinated mother.<\/strong><\/p>

      While these percentages may seem low, it's important to put the results in context. Given how deadly and contagious American foulbrood is, the researchers didn't want to directly expose field bees to the infection using \"untested vaccines<\/em>\u00bb. Instead, they conducted laboratory studies in which they exposed test hives to about 1,000 times the number of American foulbrood spores that a community would typically be exposed to in a field infection. Dalan, the manufacturer of the first bee vaccine, plans field tests for 2023.<\/strong><\/p>

      1. How do you vaccinate bees?<\/li><\/ol>

        Bee vaccination is not done with needles \u2013 beekeepers mix the vaccine into the bee food. This approach exposes queens to inactive bacteria <\/u><\/strong>Paenibacillus larvae<\/em><\/strong>, which then helps the larvae that hatch from eggs laid by those queens to resist infection.<\/p>

        This is not \u00a0mRNA vaccine<\/a>, like Pfizer and Moderna COVID. It's a more traditional inactivated vaccine like the one we use against polio. To understand how the vaccine works, it's helpful to know what bees eat: a protein-rich substance called \"royal jelly<\/strong>\" which is secreted from the glands of young worker bees.<\/p>

        When queen bees are purchased and transported, they are usually placed in a small cage with 50 to 200 worker bees that are fed something called royal jelly. This substance is often made from powdered sugar and corn syrup and has the consistency of sugar dough that is easy to mold. The worker bees consume this temporary food, producing royal jelly, which they then feed to the queen.<\/p>

        The vaccine administration method uses this system. The beekeeper can mix the vaccine with this sugary preparation, which the worker bees then digest. They produce royal jelly and they feed the queen with it<\/strong>, which like this \"nutritious\"<\/strong> digests, carrying the vaccine to the ovaries. When such a fertilized queen is added to the community, the hive, and begins to lay eggs, the larvae that hatch from those eggs have enhanced immunity to the bacteria that causes the disease.<\/p>

        1. Who will use the vaccine?<\/li><\/ol>

          According to representatives in Dalan, limited quantities of the vaccine should be available from spring 2023 to commercial beekeepers and queen bee producers, with the aim of supplying it to smaller beekeepers and hobbyists in the future.<\/p>

          1. How long will the queen's vaccination status last?<\/li><\/ol>

            Dalan is still working out the specifics. The current understanding is that it will last as long as mother<\/strong> can lay eggs. If she dies, is killed, or is replaced, the beekeeper will have to purchase a new vaccinated queen.<\/p>

            1. Is this a major scientific advance?<\/li><\/ol>

              Yes \u2013 that is it. the first vaccine for any insect<\/strong> in the US and could help pave the way for new vaccines to treat other problems that have plagued the beekeeping industry for decades. Bees face many threats, including varroa mites, climate change and poor nutrition, making this vaccine even more important in the context of bee protection.<\/p>

              Dalan is also working on a vaccine to protect bees from European foulbrood. This disease is less deadly than American foulbrood, but is still highly contagious. Beekeepers have been able to treat this disease with antibiotics, but as with American foulbrood, they have seen the harmful effects of antibiotic use.<\/p>

              \u0422\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0414\u0440 \u0412\u0438\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0447,\u00a023.1.2023.<\/p>

              50. EUROPEAN NETWORK FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT BACTERIAL INFECTIONS: A NEW PROJECT<\/strong><\/p>

              \"\"<\/a><\/p>

              COST<\/strong> Action<\/strong> CA<\/strong>21145 <\/strong>EURESTOP<\/strong><\/p>

              (06\/10\/2022-05\/10\/2026)<\/em><\/p>

              Emergence and spread drug-resistant bacteria<\/strong> It is an important health and socio-economic threat of global dimensions with elements of an emergent crisis. In situations where there are no effective drugs to treat the disease and when diagnostic tools are insufficiently developed, consequences arise that negatively affect the treatment and survival of critically ill patients.<\/p>

              Drug-resistant bacteria can spread outside hospital settings, which poses a critical risk<\/strong> for the global population. Current research in this area is highly fragmented and largely monodisciplinary, which limits the development of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic solutions.<\/p>

              This COST action will bring together scientists from different \u201cindustrial\u201d and academic fields with different skills and expertise in a multidisciplinary coordinated initiative. The action will engage disciplines such as chemistry, physics, bioinformatics, genetics, biology, immunology and medicine in understanding the genetic and molecular basis of bacterial drug resistance, developing innovative diagnostic tools and identifying lead preclinical candidates based on antibody therapies and clinically tested drugs prepared for \u201cpersonalized treatment<\/em><\/strong>\"patients from drug-resistant bacterial infections.\"<\/p>

              The challenge of the Action is to improve networking among European scientists and increase the competitiveness of European research by fostering and using knowledge in the field of translational medicine, research by creating new small and medium-sized enterprises. The aim of the Action is to acquire and exchange new knowledge that the Action could achieve during its planned duration.<\/p>

              The action will enable a new generation of young scientists<\/strong> skilled in multiple aspects related to bacterial resistance. Career development of young researchers and innovators and research impulses will be a priority of the Project<\/p>

              The action will operate within working groups covering the following areas:<\/p>

              1. Genomics\/Proteomics\/Glycomics and diagnostics<\/li>
              2. Microbiology, microbiota<\/li>
              3. Creation and distribution methods of medicines<\/li><\/ol>

                We hope that this COST action will enable knowledge transfer as well as help different fields of medicine ( and veterinary<\/strong>) to help various areas of livestock production with the challenges it brings with as little risk as possible phenomenon of acquired bacterial resection<\/strong>s<\/strong>tention<\/strong>Dr. Violeta Santrac's candidacy was accepted for work in the microbiology and microbiota working group.<\/p>

                \u0418\u0437\u0432\u0458\u0435\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0440 \u0412\u0438\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0447,\u00a03.1.202<\/strong>3.<\/strong><\/p>


                49<\/strong>. \"KEEP THE BEES FOR OUR FUTURE\" <\/strong><\/p>

                \"\"<\/a><\/p>

                European Association for Bee Research EurBee<\/em><\/strong> gathered at 9th European Congress of Apidology<\/em><\/strong> which this time had a working motto: \"Save the bees for our future\". <\/em><\/strong>The conference is held every other year and serves as a platform for connecting top European research in apidology. Typically, the conference aims to promote knowledge exchange and international cooperation that includes interests related to \"domestic\" and wild species of bees and is a direct link to pan-European research projects and networks.<\/p>

                EurBee is major European event<\/strong> for bee scientists who study various fields such as: GENETICS AND GENOMICS, ECOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY, PATHOLOGY, IMMUNITY, NUTRITION, MICROBIOTA, ECOTOXICOLOGY, PESTICIDES, POLLINATION AND BEE FLORA, EUROPEAN RESEARCH NETWORKS, COMMUNICATION AND CHEMICAL ECOLOGY, BEE MONITORING.<\/p>

                Scientists from Europe and the world were in Belgrade and exchanged achievements and ideas arising from basic and applied research that could contribute to identifying new approaches, tools and techniques to meet future needs. Six world-renowned experts held plenary lectures in which they presented the latest achievements in their research fields, and the introductory lectures were followed by work in various symposia in parallel. In short: 36 participating countries<\/strong>, 280 registered participants<\/strong>, 140 oral presentations, 150 posters<\/strong>, dve nagrade<\/strong> for the best student works and excellent organization<\/strong> with a diverse social program. The participation of two representatives from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Petar Nikoli\u0107 and the author of this report, was registered at this meeting.<\/p>

                The work of authors: Violeta Santrac, Dragana Rujevic, Aleksandra Mitrovic was presented in the form of a poster and in the section on pathology, with the topic: Antimicrobial disk susceptibility testing of paenibacillus larvae isolates from Bosnia and Herzegovina for antimicrobial resistance status under One Health approach<\/strong><\/p>

                \"\"
                <\/strong>Vi\u0161e o Eurbee9 nalazi se na linku:                 https:\/\/eurbee9.bio.bg.ac.rs\/<\/a><\/strong><\/p>

                I would like to thank the director of VIRSVB for financing the participation in this scientific meeting.
                Reported by Dr. Violeta Santra\u010d<\/p>

                3.10.2022.<\/p>

                48. PARTICIPATION IN THE 47. WORLD BEE KEEPING CONGRESS<\/strong><\/p>

                \"\"<\/a><\/strong><\/p>

                Under the slogan \"Bees Unite the World\"<\/strong> In Istanbul, Turkey, the forty-seventh international congress was held Apimondia<\/strong> which is the most significant gathering of those who in their work have to do with bees and everything related to them. The official link of the congress is available at https:\/\/apimondia2021.com\/<\/a> and it's definitely worth a look.<\/p>

                \"\"<\/a><\/p>

                Image no. 1. Presentational stand Apimondie together with TECA FAO partners, was always open for communication<\/p><\/div>

                Scientific program<\/strong> was organized in four congress halls in parallel, where during three days in the form of symposiums, round tables, workshops, committee meetings, presentations <\/strong>reported on areas that were defined in categories, each of which had a large number of presentations.<\/p>

                \"\"<\/a><\/p>

                Image no. 2. Presentation of the scientific achievement in the vaccine approach to control the American bee brood rot, a work that attracted the enormous attention of the audience\n\n<\/pre>
                \"\"<\/a><\/p>
                Image no. 3. An important work by a group of authors from Croatia that argues the evidence of the use of pesticides and the potential risks to the health of bees<\/p><\/div>
                Some of the topic area titles were:<\/p>